Learn what to focus on (and what to skip) so you don’t waste time studying the wrong sections.
If you're preparing for your electrician license exam, Article 690 of the NEC—Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems—might not be at the top of your study list. But don’t overlook it.
Even though Article 690 usually represents a small portion of most state exams, these solar-related questions do show up. And because many test-takers skip this section entirely, getting these questions right can give you a serious edge. Let’s break down what you actually need to know from NEC Article 690 to be ready for test day.
What Article 690 Covers (In Simple Terms)
NEC 690 applies to solar photovoltaic systems—including grid-tied, standalone, and interactive systems. The Article focuses on installation rules, conductor sizing, overcurrent protection, and disconnecting means for PV systems.
But don’t worry—you’re not expected to design a solar array on the exam. Instead, expect basic understanding questions like:
- Where disconnects must be located
- What labeling is required
- Sizing of conductors and overcurrent devices
- Grounding and bonding for PV systems
Key Topics You Should Focus On
Here are some common areas within Article 690 that show up on exams:
- 690.13 – Disconnecting Means:
Know that each PV system must have a means to disconnect from all sources of power. Test questions may ask about the location and accessibility of this disconnect. - 690.8 – Circuit Sizing and Current:
Understand how to calculate maximum current in PV source and output circuits. This often involves multiplying the module’s rated short-circuit current by 125% (or 156% for some conditions). - 690.9 – Overcurrent Protection:
Know when overcurrent protection is required, and how to size it based on conductor ampacity and continuous current ratings. - 690.12 – Rapid Shutdown Requirements:
These rules apply to PV systems on buildings. You might see questions about rapid shutdown labels or the requirement for controlled conductors to reduce voltage within a set time. - Grounding and Bonding (690.43, 690.45):
Know the difference between grounding of equipment and grounding of the system itself. Bonding rules are also fair game.
Helpful Tips for Test Day
- Don’t spend hours studying every section of Article 690—it’s detailed and long. Instead, focus on the areas above.
- Mark Article 690 with a tab or sticky note so you can locate it quickly if a PV question pops up.
- Practice one or two PV-related calculation questions. These often involve conductor ampacity, temperature correction, or conductor fill.
- Check your state’s Candidate Information Bulletin to see if PV systems are listed under the “Special Equipment” category (they often are).
Final Thoughts
Even though solar PV systems may only account for a few questions on your exam, every point counts—especially if you're hovering near the passing score. Understanding the basics of Article 690 could be the difference between a pass and a retake.
So don’t skip it. Study smart. Get familiar with the structure of Article 690, know where to look during the exam, and understand the core principles of disconnecting means, overcurrent protection, and system grounding.
